NIMY
The faience manufacture of Nimy (Nimy-lez-Mons) was established in 1789 in Nimy, Belgium by Dieudonne-Joseph Antoine and two investors from the de Bousies family. The factory struggled to survive at first, but eventually sales increased due to the introduction of polychrome decorations and the opening of several retail locations in Belgium. However, by the 1830s, the company was struggling again and was eventually sold to Jean-Pierre Mouzin (of Boch Freres Keramis in La Louviere) in 1849. After a re-organization in 1851, the company continued under the name Mouzin-Lecat and Co and enjoyed prosperity once again, reaching the pinnacle of success in 1897 with 675 workers. However, sales began to slide again and the impact of two wars caused the company to permanently close in 1950.
ART DECO STYLE
World War I brought a sobering end to the lavish Art Nouveau style and a new modern, streamlined aesthetic developed in the 1920s and 1930s that eventually was known as Art Deco style. After WWI, the extravagance and excessive carvings found on Victorian and Revival styles was seen as outdated. Consumers wanted simplicity in design, and at the same time were fascinated with the new technological advancements in society, including the automobile, the airplane, the radio, television and skyscrapers, such as the Chrysler building and the Empire State Building in New York City.
Early Art Deco style is marked by sweeping curves, which give the impression of speed and velocity and the aerodynamic nature of automobiles and airplanes. Art Deco style can be understood as the celebration of the Machine Age, the optimism of spirit that proclaimed the future is here brought by technology. At the same time, there was a feeling of disconnection with the past and a rebellion against societal norms during the Roaring Twenties, which was expressed by the Flappers, young women who threw off their girdles, cut their hair short, smoked, drank, and danced all night in the Jazz clubs. Such a break in tradition demanded a bold, new and dramatic style and Art Deco fit the bill.
As the Art Deco style developed, there was a shift away from sweeping curves to rectilinear lines and geometric shapes, however the shapes were often fractionated forms that mirrored the contemporary Cubist art of Pablo Picasso. Hallmarks of the Art Deco style include geometric shapes, trapezoids, zigzags, chevron patterns, a sunburst motif and the stylized use of gazelles, deer, and birds, as well as a bold and dramatic color palette. Bright green, red, orange, yellow, and blue were found everywhere, especially on the cheery dishware line called Fiestaware in the US. Pink and black was also a favorite color combination. After the stock market crash of 1929 when 25% of the US was unemployed, inexpensive Art Deco wares remained popular as the vibrant colors boosted spirits and the focus on technology and the future gave promise that things would get better.